Nonviolent Resistance in Power Asymmetries

"In what context and under what conditions can nonviolent resistance (NVR) contribute to successful and sustainable conflict transformation processes? This research from the Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management analyses constructive conflict transformation through NVR in the first Palestinian intifada (1987-1993). It argues that nonviolent struggles might support the goals of peacemaking and peacebuilding by transforming unbalanced power relations in preparation for conflict negotiations. Furthermore, by using self-limiting conflict strategies, it reduces inter-party polarisation and encourages democratic practices. Nonviolent resistance is a necessary component of conflict transformation in asymmetric power relations. It is particularly appropriate at the early stages of latent conflicts rooted in structural violence, as a tool in the hands of marginal or disenfranchised communities to struggle effectively for justice and democracy. Thanks to its potential to encourage popular empowerment, it can put pressure on the opponent and win over the sympathy of powerful third-parties. Thus, it provides a stronger position from which to negotiate concessions. Nonviolent strategies have limited success in extremely violent situations such as mass slaughter and genocide. However, in most contexts of oppression and exploitation it may be the only way to struggle for justice and democracy in a peaceful and constructive way. Through its dual process of dialogue and resistance – dialogue with the people on the other side in order to persuade them and resistance to the structures in order to compel change – NVR is a unique method of political action"